Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of the Cirasea River in Indonesia: Impact of Groundwater Interaction, Geological Features, and Land Use on Water Quality

Etih Hartati, Ananta Purwoarminta, Nissa Syakira, Dyah Marganingrum, Yudi Rahayudin, Ahmad Yusuf Afandi, Wilda Naily, Iwan Juwana, Rizka Maria, Anna Fadliah Rusydi

Abstract


This study was conducted to investigate the hydrogeochemical features and sources of pollution in Cirasea River located in the highly polluted Citarum Watershed, Indonesia. Field sampling was performed during the dry season to provide insight into the water quality during its most critical period. The water quality of river water and groundwater samples was evaluated and the natural geological controls and anthropogenic impact were compared using integrated hydrogeochemical methods (Gibbs, Stiff, and Piper diagrams) and statistical analyses (Pearson’s correlation). Gibbs analysis showed that the main factor controlling the composition of water was water-rock interaction. Stiff diagrams revealed an evolutional trend of water chemistry from upstream to downstream, controlled by lithology (upstream) and land use (downstream). Piper diagrams showed that the dominant hydrochemical facies for both river and groundwater was Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− which is typical for volcanic rock weathering. Statistical analysis confirmed that the lithological types (Qgpk and Qmt) significantly affected the hydrogeochemical parameters (TDS, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, HCO₃⁻). The study also showed the impact of land use, especially dryland agriculture (TDS, EC, K+, SO42−) and residential areas (Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, HCO3−) on groundwater chemistry. The results provide a scientific basis for targeted monitoring and sustainable management strategies for reduction of water quality degradation in the Cirasea River sub-watershed considering both geological and anthropogenic pressures.

Keywords


Cirasea River, Groundwater, Hydrogeochemical, Volcanic Deposits, Land-use

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/risetgeotam.2026.1536

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Copyright (c) 2026 Etih Hartati, Ananta Purwoarminta, Nissa Syakira, Dyah Marganingrum, Yudi Rahayudin, Ahmad Yusuf Afandi, Wilda Naily, Iwan Juwana, Rizka Maria, Anna Fadliah Rusydi

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