Distribusi Polen pada Sedimen Permukaan Bawah Laut di Perairan Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Abstract
Sumba merupakan salah satu pulau terluar Indonesia yang terletak di bumi bagian selatan dan berbatasan dengan Samudra Indonesia. Distribusi polen pada sedimen permukaan di Perairan Sumba dilakukan untuk membantu interpretasi efek sedimentasi yang terjadi di daerah fluvial dan laut serta perubahan tumbuhan terestrial. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara 2016 yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 4 – 26 Agustus 2016 menggunakan Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya VIII. Tiga belas sampel sedimen permukaan dianalisis menggunakan metode asetolisis dan swirling. Spektrum polen menunjukkan hubungan antara distribusi polen yang mengendap di sedimen laut dan transportasinya dari daratan. Sebaran polen yang banyak terakumulasi di bagian barat Pulau Sumba menunjukkan adanya pengaruh fluvial dan jarak dari pantai dan kedalaman air. Hasil uji korelasi antara distribusi polen dengan kedalaman dan besar butir (rata-rata dan persentase mud) menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup kuat (r=0,465; r=0,374 dan r=0,443). Meskipun dengan rata-rata tingkat keanekaragaman tumbuhan termasuk dalam kategori rendah (indeks 1,07), distribusi polen dalam sedimen permukaan laut merefleksikan vegetasi lokal di daratan Pulau Sumba. Polen yang paling mendominasi berasal dari Famili Poaceae. Studi ini menjelaskan bahwa rekaman polen dari inti sedimen laut Perairan Sumba mempunyai potensi menjadi alat rekonstruksi perubahan vegetasi di daratan sekitarnya dalam studi variabilitas iklim masa lalu dan masa yang akan datang.
Sumba, one of the outer Indonesian island, is located in the southern hemisphere and bordered by the Indonesian Ocean. The distribution of pollen in marine sediments offshore the Sumba Waters has been investigated to help interpret the sedimentation effect on fluvial inputs, marine and terrestrial vegetation changes. The research is a part of Expedition of Widya Nusantara 2016 which was conducted on 4 - 26 August 2016 using Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel. Thirteen surface sediment samples were analyzed by acetolyisis method and swirling. Pollen spectra illustrate the relationships between pollen distribution in the sampled marine sediments and their transport from the vegetation onshore. The pollen distribution that accumulated a lot in western part of Sumba island were linked to fluvial inputs and controlled by the distance from the coast and water depth. Correlation test between the distribution of pollen and water depth as well as grain size (mean and mud percentage) showed moderate correlation (r=0.465; r=0.374 and r=0.443, respectively). Although the average of vegetation diversity index is in low category (index of 1.07), the pollen distribution percentage in these marine surface sediment samples reflects the local vegetation from the nearby onshore of Sumba island. The most dominant pollen comes from Family Poaceae. This study demonstrates that pollen records from marine surface sediment in the Sumba Waters have the potential tool to reconstruct palaeovegetation on the adjacent continent for the past and future climate variability study at these area.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2019.v29.975
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