GEOLOGI TEKNIK SEDIMEN KUARTER DAN BAHAYA AMBLESAN, LIKUIFAKSI DI SERANGAN – TUBAN – TANJUNG BENOA, BALI
Abstract
Wilayah pesisir pada cekungan sedimen Kuarter di daerah Serangan – Tuban – Tanjung Benoa, Bali Selatan sebagai kawasan pengembangan tataruang dan infrastruktur perlu mendapat perhatian terkait dengan kondisi geologi teknik bawah permukaan dan ancaman bahaya geologinya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik geologi teknik sedimen bawah permukaan berkaitan dengan ancaman bahaya amblesan dan likuifaksi. Metode penelitian meliputi pemboran teknik, pengujian penetrasi konus, pengujian laboratorium geoteknik dan analisis geologi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketebalan sedimen Kuarter mencapai kurang lebih 20 meter, terdiri dari tanah penutup, lempung, lanau – lempung, perselingan lanau - pasir lempungan, sisipan kerikil, pasir kasar dan batugamping sebagai batuan dasar. Keberadaan lapisan lempung sangat lunak hingga lunak, plastitas tinggi, kuat geser rendah, dicirikan nilai tahanan konus qt < 2 MPa dan nilai N-SPT < 2 pada kedalaman –0,5 hingga –20 meter tersebar di Serangan – Tuban, mengindikasikan ancaman bahaya amblesan. Sedangkan keberadaan lapisan lanau – pasir sangat lepas-lepas, dicirikan nilai tahanan konus qt < 5 MPa dan nilai N-SPT < 10 di permukaan hingga kedalaman -15 m tersebar di daerah Kedonganan – Tanjung Benoa – Serangan, mengindikasikan kerentanan terhadap likuifaksi akibat gempabumi. Gambaran sifat keteknikan secara vertikal dan spasial dapat memberikan informasi untuk perencanaan dan pencegahan risiko ancaman amblesan dan likuifaksi pada sedimen cekungan Kuarter Bali Selatan.
The rapid development in the coastal area on the Quaternary sedimentary basin of Serangan - Tuban - Tanjung Benoa, South Bali requires attention regarding its subsurface engineering geology and associated geological hazard. This paper presents the characteristics of subsurface sediment from engineering geology related to the potential hazards of subsidence and liquefaction. The utilized methods included geotechnical boring, cone penetration test, geotechnical laboratory tests and engineering geology analysis. Results showed that the thickness of Quarternary sediment reaches 20 m, consisting of top soil, clay, clayey - silt, intercalation of silt and clayey sand, gravel, coarse sand and limestone as the baserock. The occurrence of very soft to soft clay, highly plastic with low shear strength at the depth of -0.5 to -10 m, characterized by cone resistance qt< 2 MPa and N-SPT value < 2 is distributed in Serangan – Tuban and indicated to be subsidence prone. Meanwhile the very loose to loose silt-clay of cone resistance qt < 5 MPa and N-SPT value <10 is distributed in Kedongan – Tanjung Benoa - Serangan, and indicated to be susceptible to earthquake induced liquefaction. The spatial and vertical engineering profiles of the subsurface geology provide valueable information for planning and mitigation of subsidence and liquefaction hazards in the sediment from Quaternary basin of South Bali.
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