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Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of bauxite ore in stockpile, alumina, and red mud in the Kendawangan area, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Abstract
Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of bauxite ore in stockpile, alumina, and red mud in Kendawangan, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, are conducted to determine the mineral composition, chemical composition, analyze the correlation between mineralogy and geochemistry, and identify the potential of vanadium (V) elements at each stage of the processing of bauxite ore in stockpiles using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X -Ray Fluorescence (XRF) methods. The results shows that the three types of samples, such as bauxite ore in stockpile, alumina, and red mud. The highest gibbsite mineral and Al₂O₃ content is found in the alumina sample, with >95% gibbsite and 98.74% Al₂O₃, followed by the washed sample from the bauxite ore in stockpile with gibbsite at 92.60% and Al₂O₃ at 56.17%, while the lowest content is found in the red mud sample with gibbsite <1% and Al₂O₃ at 8.11%. Correlation analysis reveals a positive relationship between the main minerals (gibbsite, quartz, kaolinite, and hematite) and the three main oxide compounds (Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃). In addition, another correlation analysis exhibits a very strong negative relationship between Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ (R²=0.78), confirming that the alumina enrichment process occurs through the removal of silica in the washing and Bayer processes. Furthermore, the enrichment of vanadium (V) in the form of V₂O₅ is found in red mud, reaching a maximum concentration at 0.19%.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/risetgeotam.2026.1473
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