Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediments Influenced by Fishing and Tourism in Cirebon, Indonesia

Kirana Adhiningtyas Swasty Ratu, Dwi Amanda Utami

Abstract


Coastal areas support diverse human activities such as fishing, aquaculture, salt farming, and tourism, but are increasingly vulnerable to plastic pollution. This study investigates microplastic contamination in beach sediments of Cirebon, Indonesia—a densely populated coastal city with intense trade and tourism. Fifteen sediment samples were collected from five sites, representing both fishermen settlements and tourist beaches. The average microplastic abundance was 583.33 ± 166.09 particles·kg⁻¹ dry weight. Although particle abundance did not significantly differ among sites, significant variation was observed in microplastic size. Films were the dominant morphotype (84%), with white being the most common color (48%). Smaller particles (<1 mm) comprised 51% of total microplastics. Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis of microplastics sized 2–5 mm identified polyethylene as the most abundant polymer (50%), commonly used in packaging and household products. Raman spectroscopy also revealed organic pigments potentially containing metal-based fouling agents. The dominance of plastic films, especially near settlements, suggests direct household waste discharge into the ocean. These findings highlight the role of human activity and inadequate waste infrastructure in driving coastal microplastic pollution. Effective waste management strategies and public awareness are essential to mitigate further contamination and protect coastal ecosystems

Keywords


coastal, fishermen settlement, fourier transforn infra-red, microplastic, raman spectroscopy

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/risetgeotam.2026.1406

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